Grapes / raisins
العنب / الزبيب
Toxic food hazard (dog AKI) · CAS: plant (fruit) / tartaric acid 87-69-4
Toxic to dogs - never feed (cats: avoid too)
Why this verdict
Dog acute kidney injury; proposed toxic principle tartaric acid / potassium bitartrate (dogs lack the OAT4 transporter, so it accumulates in proximal renal tubules). No reliable dose-response - idiosyncratic; >1 grape/raisin per 4.5 kg may pose risk. ONE feline case reported → cat precautionary avoid. Step A hard-flag, dog (cat precautionary).
What It Is
Grapes, raisins and currants - and their juice or paste.
Grapes and raisins can cause sudden kidney failure in dogs, and there’s no safe, predictable dose - some dogs are harmed by just a few. The leading explanation is tartaric acid, which dogs can’t clear well. One feline case has been reported, so the safe call is to avoid for cats too. Never an ingredient you want in pet food.
Evidence & Status
For Dogs & Cats
Dogs
Skip
Cats
So-so
AAFCO / FDA status
Toxic food hazard; not a feed ingredient.
Applies to
dog (cat precautionary)
Halal Status: Halal
Plant-derived.
Standard: MS 1500:2019; GSO 2055-1; JAKIM e-SMAF
Also Known As
raisin · currant · sultana · grape juice/paste/extract
Primary Source
Evidence, not medical advice. You decide.
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